Table of Contents Introduction: Why OPC UA Became the "Standard Language" of the Industrial Internet Era Background and Development History of OPC UA 2.1 The Birth of OPC Classic 2.2 The Proposal and Vision of OPC UA 2.3 International Standardization and Ecosystem Development Overall Architecture of OPC UA 3.1 Future-Oriented Cross-Platform Architecture 3.2 Communication Stack Structure 3.3 Information Model and Data Organization Core Technical Features of OPC UA 4.1 Security

Table of Contents Introduction: Why Has Modbus Survived for 40 Years? The Historical Background and Development of Modbus 2.1 Birth Background 2.2 Evolution 2.3 Why Has Modbus Not Been Phased Out? Modbus Protocol Architecture 3.1 Basic Architecture 3.2 Data Model Three Major Modbus Variants: RTU / ASCII / TCP 4.1 Modbus RTU (Most Classic and Common) 4.2 Modbus ASCII (Early Version) 4.3 Modbus TCP (Ethernet Version) Modbus Frame Structure and Function Code Details 5.1 Modbus R

Table of Contents Introduction: Why Industrial Routers Must Endure Extreme Challenges Differences Between Industrial and Commercial Routers Overall Framework of Reliability Testing High and Low Temperature Testing: Verifying Stability Under Temperature Cycling 4.1 Testing Purpose 4.2 Testing Conditions 4.3 Testing Process 4.4 Judgment Criteria Vibration and Shock Testing: Verifying Structural Strength and Connection Reliability 5.1 Testing Purpose 5.2 Vibration Testing Condit

Table of Contents Industrial Router Installation and Initial Setup 1.1 Installation Preparation 1.2 Initial Configuration Common Issues and Troubleshooting 2.1 Power and Hardware Issues 2.2 Weak or Unstable Signal 2.3 Connection Interruptions or No Internet 2.4 Performance Degradation or Reboots 2.5 VPN or Protocol Conversion Failure 2.6 Configuration and Access Issues 2.7 Compatibility and Integration Issues 3. Tool Usage Details 3.1 Network Sniffer 3.2 Log Analysis 3.3 Diag

Table of contents （Click to go to where you want to see） 1. Definition of VLAN 2. Types of VLAN 3. Main functions of VLAN in industrial routers 4. Comparative analysis Industrial networks with and without VLAN Static VLAN vs. dynamic VLAN VLAN vs. subnet 5. Best practices for implementing industrial VLAN 6. Future outlook: Evolution of VLAN in Industry 5.0 Introduction: New Requirements for Industrial Networks Driven by Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing, the Industrial Int

Table of contents （Click to go to where you want to see） What is an industrial router? What is the difference between industrial routers and home routers? Industrial router hardware components Industrial Router Core System CPU RAM&ROM Industrial router network communication WAN access ： Cellular module （4G LTE、5G NR、NB-IoT、Cat-M1/Baseband chip & RF circuit/ SIM/eSIM ） Wired WAN port （M12 X-coded、Fiber Optic SFP、Industrial PoE++） Serial communication （RS232、RS485、CAN bus） LAN