Table of Contents Introduction: Why Has Modbus Survived for 40 Years? The Historical Background and Development of Modbus 2.1 Birth Background 2.2 Evolution 2.3 Why Has Modbus Not Been Phased Out? Modbus Protocol Architecture 3.1 Basic Architecture 3.2 Data Model Three Major Modbus Variants: RTU / ASCII / TCP 4.1 Modbus RTU (Most Classic and Common) 4.2 Modbus ASCII (Early Version) 4.3 Modbus TCP (Ethernet Version) Modbus Frame Structure and Function Code Details 5.1 Modbus R

Table of Contents Introduction: The Communication Backbone of the Smart Grid Era Overall Architecture of Smart Substation Communication Systems: Protocols and Standards  2.1 Comparison of the Three-Layer Architecture  2.2 Communication Media and Redundancy Design 2.3 Comparison Between Traditional and Smart Substation Architectures Key Communication Links and Data Flows: Real-Time Performance and Big-Data Analytics  3.1 Data Flow Path 3.2 Performance Improvements Power Commun

Table of Contents Introduction: Why Industrial Routers Must Endure Extreme Challenges Differences Between Industrial and Commercial Routers Overall Framework of Reliability Testing High and Low Temperature Testing: Verifying Stability Under Temperature Cycling 4.1 Testing Purpose 4.2 Testing Conditions 4.3 Testing Process 4.4 Judgment Criteria Vibration and Shock Testing: Verifying Structural Strength and Connection Reliability 5.1 Testing Purpose 5.2 Vibration Testing Condit

Table of Contents Necessity of Industrial Router Certification General Certifications: The Industrial Router's "Foundational Firewall" 2.1 Certification Comparison Table: General Certifications Quick Overview (Including Typical Cycle) EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility Certification Safety Certification Environmental and Reliability Testing Ingress Protection (IP) Certification Lightning and Surge Protection Industry-Specific Certifications: The "Customized Shield" for High-Ri

Table of Contents Overview and Manufacturing Objectives Raw Materials and Supply Chain Management 2.1 Key Raw Materials in Factory Production 2.2 Supply Chain Management Key Points for Factories PCB and Hardware Design Stage 3.1 Design Stage Outputs from Factory Design Teams 3.2 High-Frequency and RF Design Considerations in Factories 3.3 Power and Thermal Design for Robust Factory Output Component Procurement and Incoming Inspection (IQC) 4.1 Incoming Inspection Process in M

Table of Contents What is Industrial Router Software？ Core Value of Industrial Routers and the Importance of Software 2.1 Differences Between Industrial Router Software and Home Router Software 2.1.1 Design Goals 2.1.2 Core Software Configuration 2.1.3 Environmental Tolerance 2.1.4 Performance and Reliability & Protocol Support 2.1.5 How to Determine If Industrial Router Software Is Needed? 2.2 Practical Cases and Industry Application Scenarios Layers and Architecture of In